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    MODEL QUESTION PAPER        B.A.DEGREE PROGRAMME END SEMESTER EVALUVATION  Semester     11                                                              Course111 LINGUISTICS    Course Code LN 1231   PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY      Time:3Hrs                                                                                                       Maximum Marks:80                                                                                        Section A       Answer all questions ( in a word to maximum of two sentences).  1. Variant forms of a phoneme are called ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.  2. What are the nasal sounds in English?  3. Distinguish between active and passive articulators?  4. What are the different branches of Phonetics?  5. Give the manner of articulation for the sound /p/.  6. What are the close vowels in English?  7. Distinguish between eggressive and ingressive air‐stream mechanisms.  8. What is IPA?  9. What is intonation?  10. Differentiate between diph

 Post-independence poetry themes The post-independence poetry underwent a sea change as far as the themes are concerned. The poets are faced with the crisis of identity so their poetry is one of quest, a search of their self, a search for their cultural roots. The reason for such a theme of Indian poetry is not far to seek. The Indian poets who express themselves in English have their cultural roots in their community. Many of these Indian poets have been educated abroad but since they belong to the middle - class, they find themselves alienated within their own immediate circle and even from the westernized ethos. Some of the poets come from different racial backgrounds but are nationals of India for example, Nissim Ezekiel is a Jew, Dom Moraes is an Anglo Indian, Daruwalla and Jussawalla are Parsees, Eunice De Souza is a Goan Christian. The Indian poet writing in English therefore finds himself alienated. So the poetry of modern Indian poets naturally turns on the theme of identity c

 Asif Currimbhoy's ‘Goa' -A Study ASIF CURRIMBHOY'S Goal (1964) deals with the Indian takeover of Goa2 in December 1961. The play reveals the unique stand taken by Currimbhoy in assessing the worthwhileness of the political event. It opens with the encounter of the dramatist with his friend Mario, the Portuguese local Administrator who is proud of Goa and who praises a Goan village "nestling amidst green hills and valleys." It is evening and the "regulars" meet at the "patio" benches. Senhora Miranda, a fair-looking woman of about forty, splendidly dressed in the latest Portuguese fashion, with colourful parasol in hand, comes down the steps of the tavern on the west side of the stage, walks across the long "patio" walk, and enters her house on the east side of the stage. While the woman walks into her house, a young man at the "patio" looks at a girl who is "dark looking and about fourteen  with a b

Man and Nature in India: The Ecological Balance This piece is extracted from "Man and Nature in India: The Ecological Balance," included in A Bird's Eye View: The Collected Essays and Shorter Writings of Salim Ali. Salim Ali Jaments the human tendency to over-exploit the environment and to kill creatures indiscriminately but what makes this essay extraordinary is that instead of suggesting various methods of nature conservation and reclamation of threatened resources, he recommends a revolutionary step. As the root cause of environmental exploitation and degradation is explosion of human population. tough measures have to be taken to check our numbers, and in achieving this aim bio-mimicry is an option that may be considered. Bio-minicry means Salim Ali begins the essay by saying that habitat destruction is the main cause for extinction of species. When we cut down forest for agricultural purposes, to fulfill the food needs of the overpopulated world it destroys the habit

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